There is a particular quality of violation that digital technology has created in women’s lives.
It follows the woman home. It does not stop when the office closes or when the neighborhood is left behind. It appears on the phone at midnight. It exists in group chats she does not know about. It circulates images she did not consent to share.
And when she considers reporting it, she faces an additional problem: most of the people she would report to have not yet developed adequate understanding of what digital violation actually involves.
Adv. Amarjit Singh, Legal Author and author of Legal and Constitutional Rights of Women in India, addresses cybercrime and digital violations in a chapter that documents both the legal provisions available and the honest limitations of enforcement in this rapidly evolving space.
What stalking looks like in 2025 and what the law covers:
Section 78 of the BNS, formerly Section 354D of the IPC, defines stalking to include not only physical following but monitoring a woman’s use of the internet, email, or any other form of electronic communication.
The law recognizes that stalking has moved from streets to screens. But the enforcement challenges have not fully adapted. Police training on cyberstalking evidence collection remains uneven. The documentation a woman needs to preserve to support a complaint is not always obvious without legal guidance.
The book addresses specifically what evidence to preserve, how to document digital violations, and what the complaint process looks like at the cybercrime portal as well as at local police stations.
Voyeurism, morphing, and image-based violations:
Section 77 of the BNS addresses voyeurism including digital-age violations like recording a woman in private situations without consent. The enforcement challenges here involve technology that moves faster than legislation.
Morphing, the creation of fabricated images using a woman’s photograph, and revenge porn, the non-consensual sharing of intimate images, involve provisions across multiple laws. The IT Act, the BNS provisions, and state-level laws may all be relevant depending on the specific violation.
Adv. Amarjit Singh maps the intersection of these provisions while being honest about the gaps. Not every form of image-based violation has a cleanly applicable provision. Reporting can be complicated by jurisdictional questions. Platform accountability mechanisms exist but their reliability varies.
What the honest picture of digital rights looks like:
The legal framework for cybercrime against women has developed significantly over the past decade. It remains incomplete relative to the pace of technological change.
A woman who reports a digital violation today may encounter police who understand the complaint fully and know how to process it. She may also encounter officers who have not yet received training on the applicable provisions or the technical aspects of evidence preservation.
Knowing both realities allows for better preparation, including documentation of evidence before approaching a police station, awareness of what the cybercrime portal process looks like, and understanding of what escalation options exist when initial reports do not receive adequate response.
Legal and Constitutional Rights of Women in India by Adv. Amarjit Singh is available on Amazon, Flipkart, Kindle, and Google Books. Buy now and understand every digital violation the law addresses and what the honest picture of enforcement looks like.
Grab your copy now: https://amzn.in/d/04U760fo
